src/main.cpp

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2017 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
   3  *
   4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   7  *
   8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   9  *
  10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  14  * limitations under the License.
  15  */
  16
  17 #include <unistd.h>
  18 #include <algorithm>
  19 #include <mutex>
  20 #include <json.h>
  21 #include <json.hpp>
  22 #include "app.hpp"
  23 #include "result.hpp"
  24 #include "json_helper.hpp"
  25 #include "util.hpp"
  26 #include "wayland_ivi_wm.hpp"
  27
  28 extern "C"
  29 {
  30 #include <afb/afb-binding.h>
  31 #include <systemd/sd-event.h>
  32 }
  33
  34 typedef struct WMClientCtxt
  35 {
  36     std::string name;
  37     std::string role;
  38     WMClientCtxt(const char *appName, const char* appRole)
  39     {
  40         name = appName;
  41         role = appRole;
  42     }
  43 } WMClientCtxt;
  44
  45 struct afb_instance
  46 {
  47     std::unique_ptr<wl::display> display;
  48     wm::App app;
  49
  50     afb_instance() : display{new wl::display}, app{this->display.get()} {}
  51
  52     int init();
  53 };
  54
  55 struct afb_instance *g_afb_instance;
  56 std::mutex binding_m;
  57
  58 int afb_instance::init()
  59 {
  60     return this->app.init();
  61 }
  62
  63 int display_event_callback(sd_event_source *evs, int /*fd*/, uint32_t events,
  64                            void * /*data*/)
  65 {
  66     ST();
  67
  68     if ((events & EPOLLHUP) != 0)
  69     {
  70         HMI_ERROR("wm", "The compositor hung up, dying now.");
  71         delete g_afb_instance;
  72         g_afb_instance = nullptr;
  73         goto error;
  74     }
  75
  76     if ((events & EPOLLIN) != 0u)
  77     {
  78         {
  79             STN(display_read_events);
  80             g_afb_instance->app.display->read_events();
  81             g_afb_instance->app.set_pending_events();
  82         }
  83         {
  84             // We want do dispatch pending wayland events from within
  85             // the API context
  86             STN(winman_ping_api_call);
  87             afb_service_call("windowmanager", "ping", json_object_new_object(),
  88                             [](void *c, int st, json_object *j) {
  89                                 STN(winman_ping_api_call_return);
  90                             },
  91                             nullptr);
  92         }
  93     }
  94
  95     return 0;
  96
  97 error:
  98     sd_event_source_unref(evs);
  99     if (getenv("WINMAN_EXIT_ON_HANGUP") != nullptr)
 100     {
 101         exit(1);
 102     }
 103     return -1;
 104 }
 105
 106 int _binding_init()
 107 {
 108     HMI_NOTICE("wm", "WinMan ver. %s", WINMAN_VERSION_STRING);
 109
 110     if (g_afb_instance != nullptr)
 111     {
 112         HMI_ERROR("wm", "Wayland context already initialized?");
 113         return 0;
 114     }
 115
 116     if (getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") == nullptr)
 117     {
 118         HMI_ERROR("wm", "Environment variable XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set");
 119         goto error;
 120     }
 121
 122     {
 123         // wait until wayland compositor starts up.
 124         int cnt = 0;
 125         g_afb_instance = new afb_instance;
 126         while (!g_afb_instance->display->ok())
 127         {
 128             cnt++;
 129             if (20 <= cnt)
 130             {
 131                 HMI_ERROR("wm", "Could not connect to compositor");
 132                 goto error;
 133             }
 134             HMI_ERROR("wm", "Wait to start weston ...");
 135             sleep(1);
 136             delete g_afb_instance;
 137             g_afb_instance = new afb_instance;
 138         }
 139     }
 140
 141     if (g_afb_instance->init() == -1)
 142     {
 143         HMI_ERROR("wm", "Could not connect to compositor");
 144         goto error;
 145     }
 146
 147     {
 148         int ret = sd_event_add_io(afb_daemon_get_event_loop(), nullptr,
 149                                   g_afb_instance->display->get_fd(), EPOLLIN,
 150                                   display_event_callback, g_afb_instance);
 151         if (ret < 0)
 152         {
 153             HMI_ERROR("wm", "Could not initialize afb_instance event handler: %d", -ret);
 154             goto error;
 155         }
 156     }
 157
 158     atexit([] { delete g_afb_instance; });
 159
 160     return 0;
 161
 162 error:
 163     delete g_afb_instance;
 164     g_afb_instance = nullptr;
 165     return -1;
 166 }
 167
 168 int binding_init() noexcept
 169 {
 170     try
 171     {
 172         return _binding_init();
 173     }
 174     catch (std::exception &e)
 175     {
 176         HMI_ERROR("wm", "Uncaught exception in binding_init(): %s", e.what());
 177     }
 178     return -1;
 179 }
 180
 181 static bool checkFirstReq(afb_req req)
 182 {
 183     WMClientCtxt *ctxt = (WMClientCtxt *)afb_req_context_get(req);
 184     return (ctxt) ? false : true;
 185 }
 186
 187 static void cbRemoveClientCtxt(void *data)
 188 {
 189     WMClientCtxt *ctxt = (WMClientCtxt *)data;
 190     if (ctxt == nullptr)
 191     {
 192         return;
 193     }
 194     HMI_DEBUG("wm", "remove app %s", ctxt->name.c_str());
 195     // Lookup surfaceID and remove it because App is dead.
 196     auto pSid = g_afb_instance->app.id_alloc.lookup(ctxt->role.c_str());
 197     if (pSid)
 198     {
 199         auto sid = *pSid;
 200         g_afb_instance->app.id_alloc.remove_id(sid);
 201         g_afb_instance->app.layers.remove_surface(sid);
 202         g_afb_instance->app.controller->sprops.erase(sid);
 203         g_afb_instance->app.controller->surfaces.erase(sid);
 204         HMI_DEBUG("wm", "delete surfaceID %d", sid);
 205     }
 206     delete ctxt;
 207 }
 208
 209 void windowmanager_requestsurface(afb_req req) noexcept
 210 {
 211     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 212 #ifdef ST
 213     ST();
 214 #endif
 215     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 216     {
 217         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 218         return;
 219     }
 220
 221     try
 222     {
 223         const char *a_drawing_name = afb_req_value(req, "drawing_name");
 224         if (!a_drawing_name)
 225         {
 226             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 227             return;
 228         }
 229
 230         /* Create Security Context */
 231         bool isFirstReq = checkFirstReq(req);
 232         if (!isFirstReq)
 233         {
 234             WMClientCtxt *ctxt = (WMClientCtxt *)afb_req_context_get(req);
 235             HMI_DEBUG("wm", "You're %s.", ctxt->name.c_str());
 236             if (ctxt->name != std::string(a_drawing_name))
 237             {
 238                 afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Don't request with other name: %s for now", a_drawing_name);
 239                 HMI_DEBUG("wm", "Don't request with other name: %s for now", a_drawing_name);
 240                 return;
 241             }
 242         }
 243
 244         auto ret = g_afb_instance->app.api_request_surface(a_drawing_name);
 245
 246         if (isFirstReq)
 247         {
 248             WMClientCtxt *ctxt = new WMClientCtxt(afb_req_get_application_id(req), a_drawing_name);
 249             HMI_DEBUG("wm", "create session for %s", ctxt->name.c_str());
 250             afb_req_session_set_LOA(req, 1);
 251             afb_req_context_set(req, ctxt, cbRemoveClientCtxt);
 252         }
 253         else
 254         {
 255             HMI_DEBUG("wm", "session already created for %s", a_drawing_name);
 256         }
 257
 258         if (ret.is_err())
 259         {
 260             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret.unwrap_err());
 261             return;
 262         }
 263
 264         afb_req_success(req, json_object_new_int(ret.unwrap()), "success");
 265     }
 266     catch (std::exception &e)
 267     {
 268         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling requestsurface: %s", e.what());
 269         return;
 270     }
 271 }
 272
 273 void windowmanager_requestsurfacexdg(afb_req req) noexcept
 274 {
 275     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 276 #ifdef ST
 277     ST();
 278 #endif
 279     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 280     {
 281         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 282         return;
 283     }
 284
 285     try
 286     {
 287         json_object *jreq = afb_req_json(req);
 288
 289         json_object *j_drawing_name = nullptr;
 290         if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jreq, "drawing_name", &j_drawing_name))
 291         {
 292             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 293             return;
 294         }
 295         char const *a_drawing_name = json_object_get_string(j_drawing_name);
 296
 297         json_object *j_ivi_id = nullptr;
 298         if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jreq, "ivi_id", &j_ivi_id))
 299         {
 300             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument ivi_id");
 301             return;
 302         }
 303         char const *a_ivi_id = json_object_get_string(j_ivi_id);
 304
 305         auto ret = g_afb_instance->app.api_request_surface(a_drawing_name, a_ivi_id);
 306         if (ret != nullptr)
 307         {
 308             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret);
 309             return;
 310         }
 311
 312         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 313     }
 314     catch (std::exception &e)
 315     {
 316         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling requestsurfacexdg: %s", e.what());
 317         return;
 318     }
 319 }
 320
 321 void windowmanager_activatesurface(afb_req req) noexcept
 322 {
 323     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 324 #ifdef ST
 325     ST();
 326 #endif
 327     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 328     {
 329         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 330         return;
 331     }
 332
 333     try
 334     {
 335         const char *a_drawing_name = afb_req_value(req, "drawing_name");
 336         if (!a_drawing_name)
 337         {
 338             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 339             return;
 340         }
 341
 342         const char *a_drawing_area = afb_req_value(req, "drawing_area");
 343         if (!a_drawing_area)
 344         {
 345             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_area");
 346             return;
 347         }
 348
 349         g_afb_instance->app.api_activate_surface(a_drawing_name, a_drawing_area,
 350                     [&req](const char *errmsg) {
 351                         if (errmsg != nullptr)
 352                         {
 353                             HMI_ERROR("wm", errmsg);
 354                             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", errmsg);
 355                             return;
 356                         }
 357                         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 358                     });
 359     }
 360     catch (std::exception &e)
 361     {
 362         HMI_WARNING("wm", "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling activatesurface: %s", e.what());
 363         return;
 364     }
 365 }
 366
 367 void windowmanager_deactivatesurface(afb_req req) noexcept
 368 {
 369     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 370 #ifdef ST
 371     ST();
 372 #endif
 373     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 374     {
 375         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 376         return;
 377     }
 378
 379     try
 380     {
 381         const char *a_drawing_name = afb_req_value(req, "drawing_name");
 382         if (!a_drawing_name)
 383         {
 384             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 385             return;
 386         }
 387
 388         g_afb_instance->app.api_deactivate_surface(a_drawing_name,
 389                     [&req](const char *errmsg) {
 390                         if (errmsg != nullptr)
 391                         {
 392                             HMI_ERROR("wm", errmsg);
 393                             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", errmsg);
 394                             return;
 395                         }
 396                         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 397                     });
 398     }
 399     catch (std::exception &e)
 400     {
 401         HMI_WARNING("wm", "Uncaught exception while calling deactivatesurface: %s", e.what());
 402         return;
 403     }
 404 }
 405
 406 void windowmanager_enddraw(afb_req req) noexcept
 407 {
 408     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 409 #ifdef ST
 410     ST();
 411 #endif
 412     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 413     {
 414         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 415         return;
 416     }
 417
 418     try
 419     {
 420         const char *a_drawing_name = afb_req_value(req, "drawing_name");
 421         if (!a_drawing_name)
 422         {
 423             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 424             return;
 425         }
 426         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 427
 428         g_afb_instance->app.api_enddraw(a_drawing_name);
 429     }
 430     catch (std::exception &e)
 431     {
 432         HMI_WARNING("wm", "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling enddraw: %s", e.what());
 433         return;
 434     }
 435 }
 436
 437 void windowmanager_getdisplayinfo_thunk(afb_req req) noexcept
 438 {
 439     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 440 #ifdef ST
 441     ST();
 442 #endif
 443     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 444     {
 445         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 446         return;
 447     }
 448
 449     try
 450     {
 451         auto ret = g_afb_instance->app.api_get_display_info();
 452         if (ret.is_err())
 453         {
 454             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret.unwrap_err());
 455             return;
 456         }
 457
 458         afb_req_success(req, ret.unwrap(), "success");
 459     }
 460     catch (std::exception &e)
 461     {
 462         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling getdisplayinfo: %s", e.what());
 463         return;
 464     }
 465 }
 466
 467 void windowmanager_getareainfo_thunk(afb_req req) noexcept
 468 {
 469     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 470 #ifdef ST
 471     ST();
 472 #endif
 473     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 474     {
 475         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 476         return;
 477     }
 478
 479     try
 480     {
 481         json_object *jreq = afb_req_json(req);
 482
 483         json_object *j_drawing_name = nullptr;
 484         if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jreq, "drawing_name", &j_drawing_name))
 485         {
 486             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument drawing_name");
 487             return;
 488         }
 489         char const *a_drawing_name = json_object_get_string(j_drawing_name);
 490
 491         auto ret = g_afb_instance->app.api_get_area_info(a_drawing_name);
 492         if (ret.is_err())
 493         {
 494             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret.unwrap_err());
 495             return;
 496         }
 497
 498         afb_req_success(req, ret.unwrap(), "success");
 499     }
 500     catch (std::exception &e)
 501     {
 502         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling getareainfo: %s", e.what());
 503         return;
 504     }
 505 }
 506
 507 void windowmanager_wm_subscribe(afb_req req) noexcept
 508 {
 509     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 510 #ifdef ST
 511     ST();
 512 #endif
 513     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 514     {
 515         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 516         return;
 517     }
 518
 519     try
 520     {
 521         json_object *jreq = afb_req_json(req);
 522         json_object *j = nullptr;
 523         if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jreq, "event", &j))
 524         {
 525             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Need char const* argument event");
 526             return;
 527         }
 528         int event_type = json_object_get_int(j);
 529         const char *event_name = g_afb_instance->app.kListEventName[event_type];
 530         struct afb_event event = g_afb_instance->app.map_afb_event[event_name];
 531         int ret = afb_req_subscribe(req, event);
 532         if (ret)
 533         {
 534             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Error: afb_req_subscribe()");
 535             return;
 536         }
 537         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 538     }
 539     catch (std::exception &e)
 540     {
 541         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling wm_subscribe: %s", e.what());
 542         return;
 543     }
 544 }
 545
 546 void windowmanager_list_drawing_names(afb_req req) noexcept
 547 {
 548     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 549 #ifdef ST
 550     ST();
 551 #endif
 552     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 553     {
 554         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 555         return;
 556     }
 557
 558     try
 559     {
 560
 561         nlohmann::json j = g_afb_instance->app.id_alloc.name2id;
 562         auto ret = wm::Ok(json_tokener_parse(j.dump().c_str()));
 563         if (ret.is_err())
 564         {
 565             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret.unwrap_err());
 566             return;
 567         }
 568
 569         afb_req_success(req, ret.unwrap(), "success");
 570     }
 571     catch (std::exception &e)
 572     {
 573         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling list_drawing_names: %s", e.what());
 574         return;
 575     }
 576 }
 577
 578 void windowmanager_ping(afb_req req) noexcept
 579 {
 580     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 581 #ifdef ST
 582     ST();
 583 #endif
 584     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 585     {
 586         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 587         return;
 588     }
 589
 590     try
 591     {
 592
 593         g_afb_instance->app.api_ping();
 594
 595         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 596     }
 597     catch (std::exception &e)
 598     {
 599         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling ping: %s", e.what());
 600         return;
 601     }
 602 }
 603
 604 void windowmanager_debug_status(afb_req req) noexcept
 605 {
 606     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 607 #ifdef ST
 608     ST();
 609 #endif
 610     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 611     {
 612         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 613         return;
 614     }
 615
 616     try
 617     {
 618
 619         json_object *jr = json_object_new_object();
 620         json_object_object_add(jr, "surfaces",
 621                                to_json(g_afb_instance->app.controller->sprops));
 622         json_object_object_add(jr, "layers", to_json(g_afb_instance->app.controller->lprops));
 623
 624         afb_req_success(req, jr, "success");
 625     }
 626     catch (std::exception &e)
 627     {
 628         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling debug_status: %s", e.what());
 629         return;
 630     }
 631 }
 632
 633 void windowmanager_debug_layers(afb_req req) noexcept
 634 {
 635     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 636 #ifdef ST
 637     ST();
 638 #endif
 639     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 640     {
 641         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 642         return;
 643     }
 644
 645     try
 646     {
 647         auto ret = wm::Ok(json_tokener_parse(g_afb_instance->app.layers.to_json().dump().c_str()));
 648
 649         afb_req_success(req, ret, "success");
 650     }
 651     catch (std::exception &e)
 652     {
 653         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling debug_layers: %s", e.what());
 654         return;
 655     }
 656 }
 657
 658 void windowmanager_debug_surfaces(afb_req req) noexcept
 659 {
 660     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 661 #ifdef ST
 662     ST();
 663 #endif
 664     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 665     {
 666         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 667         return;
 668     }
 669
 670     try
 671     {
 672
 673         auto ret = wm::Ok(to_json(g_afb_instance->app.controller->sprops));
 674         if (ret.is_err())
 675         {
 676             afb_req_fail(req, "failed", ret.unwrap_err());
 677             return;
 678         }
 679
 680         afb_req_success(req, ret.unwrap(), "success");
 681     }
 682     catch (std::exception &e)
 683     {
 684         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling debug_surfaces: %s", e.what());
 685         return;
 686     }
 687 }
 688
 689 void windowmanager_debug_terminate(afb_req req) noexcept
 690 {
 691     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(binding_m);
 692 #ifdef ST
 693     ST();
 694 #endif
 695     if (g_afb_instance == nullptr)
 696     {
 697         afb_req_fail(req, "failed", "Binding not initialized, did the compositor die?");
 698         return;
 699     }
 700
 701     try
 702     {
 703
 704         if (getenv("WINMAN_DEBUG_TERMINATE") != nullptr)
 705         {
 706             raise(SIGKILL); // afb-daemon kills it's pgroup using TERM, which
 707                             // doesn't play well with perf
 708         }
 709
 710         afb_req_success(req, NULL, "success");
 711     }
 712     catch (std::exception &e)
 713     {
 714         afb_req_fail_f(req, "failed", "Uncaught exception while calling debug_terminate: %s", e.what());
 715         return;
 716     }
 717 }
 718
 719 const struct afb_verb_v2 windowmanager_verbs[] = {
 720     {"requestsurface", windowmanager_requestsurface, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 721     {"requestsurfacexdg", windowmanager_requestsurfacexdg, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 722     {"activatesurface", windowmanager_activatesurface, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 723     {"deactivatesurface", windowmanager_deactivatesurface, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 724     {"enddraw", windowmanager_enddraw, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 725     {"getdisplayinfo", windowmanager_getdisplayinfo_thunk, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 726     {"getareainfo", windowmanager_getareainfo_thunk, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 727     {"wm_subscribe", windowmanager_wm_subscribe, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 728     {"list_drawing_names", windowmanager_list_drawing_names, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 729     {"ping", windowmanager_ping, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 730     {"debug_status", windowmanager_debug_status, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 731     {"debug_layers", windowmanager_debug_layers, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 732     {"debug_surfaces", windowmanager_debug_surfaces, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 733     {"debug_terminate", windowmanager_debug_terminate, nullptr, nullptr, AFB_SESSION_NONE},
 734     {}};
 735
 736 extern "C" const struct afb_binding_v2 afbBindingV2 = {
 737     "windowmanager", nullptr, nullptr, windowmanager_verbs, nullptr, binding_init, nullptr, 0};