1 # OpenXC Message Format Specification
5 This specification is a part of the [OpenXC platform][OpenXC].
7 An OpenXC vehicle interface sends generic vehicle data over one or more output
8 interfaces (e.g. USB or Bluetooth) as JSON or Protocol Buffers (protobuf).
10 ## Binary (Protocol Buffers)
12 The binary format is encoded using [Google Protocol
13 Buffers](https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/). The format is specified in the
14 file `openxc.proto`. Those are published using the standard length-delimited
15 method (any protobuf library should support this).
17 The binary format is best if you need to maximize the amount of data that can be
18 sent from the VI, trading off flexibility for efficiency.
22 This document describes the JSON format and includes a high level description of
23 each type and field. Each JSON message published by a VI is delimited with a
26 The JSON format is best for most developers, as it is fairly efficient and very
31 Any of the following JSON objects may optionally include an `extras`
32 field. The value may be any valid JSON object or array. The client libraries
33 will do their best to parse this information into a generic format and pass it
34 to your application. For example:
36 {"name": "steering_wheel_angle",
45 There may not be a 1:1 relationship between input and output signals - i.e. raw
46 engine timing CAN signals may be summarized in an "engine performance" metric on
47 the abstract side of the interface.
49 The expected format of a single valued message is:
51 {"name": "steering_wheel_angle", "value": 45}
55 The expected format of an event message is:
57 {"name": "button_event", "value": "up", "event": "pressed"}
59 This format is good for something like a button event, where there are two
60 discrete pieces of information in the measurement.
62 ### Raw CAN Message format
64 The format for a raw CAN message:
66 {"bus": 1, "id": 1234, "data": "0x12345678"}
68 **bus** - the numerical identifier of the CAN bus where this message originated,
69 most likely 1 or 2 (for a vehicle interface with 2 CAN controllers).
71 **id** - the CAN message ID
73 **data** - up to 8 bytes of data from the CAN message's payload, represented as
74 a hexidecimal number in a string. Many JSON parser cannot handle 64-bit
75 integers, which is why we are not using a numerical data type. Each byte in
76 the string *must* be represented with 2 characters, e.g. `0x1` is `0x01` - the
77 complete string must have an even number of characters.
79 ### Diagnostic Messages
83 A diagnostic request is added or cancelled with a JSON object like this example:
85 { "command": "diagnostic_request",
93 "multiple_responses": false,
100 * The `command` must be `diagnostic_request.`
101 * The `action` must be included, and must be one of:
102 * `add` - create a new one-off or recurring diagnostic request.
103 * `cancel` - cancel an existing request.
104 * The details of the request must be included in the `request` field, using
105 the sub-fields defined below.
107 A diagnostic request's `bus`, `id`, `mode` and `pid` (or lack of a `pid`)
108 combine to create a unique key to identify a request. These four fields will be
109 referred to as the key of the diagnostic request. For example, to create a
110 simple one-time diagnostic request:
112 { "command": "diagnostic_request",
123 Requests are completed after any responses are received (unless
124 `multiple_responses` is set), or the request has timed out after a certain
125 number of seconds. After a request is completed, you can re-`create` the same
126 key to make another request.
128 Requests with a `frequency` are added as *recurring* requests, e.g. to add the
129 previous example as a recurring request at 1Hz:
131 { "command": "diagnostic_request",
143 To cancel a recurring request, send a `cancel` action with the same key, e.g.:
145 { "command": "diagnostic_request",
156 Simultaneous recurring requests for the same key at different rates (e.g. 1Hz
157 *and* 2Hz) is not supported. However, non-recurring ("one-off") requests may
158 exist in parallel with a recurring request for the same key.
160 **bus** - the numerical identifier of the CAN bus where this request should be
161 sent, most likely 1 or 2 (for a vehicle interface with 2 CAN controllers).
163 **id** - the CAN arbitration ID for the request.
165 **mode** - the OBD-II mode of the request - 1 through 255 (1 through 9 are the
166 standardized modes and 0x22 is a common proprietary mode).
168 **pid** - (optional) the PID for the request, if applicable.
170 **payload** - (optional) up to 7 bytes of data for the request's payload
171 represented as a hexadecimal number in a string. Many JSON parser cannot
172 handle 64-bit integers, which is why we are not using a numerical data type.
173 Each byte in the string *must* be represented with 2 characters, e.g. `0x1`
174 is `0x01` - the complete string must have an even number of characters.
176 **name** - (optional, defaults to nothing) A human readable, string name for
177 this request. If provided, the response will have a `name` field (much like a
178 normal translated message) with this value in place of `bus`, `id`, `mode` and
181 **multiple_responses** - (optional, false by default) if true, request will stay
182 active for a full 100ms, even after receiving a diagnostic response message.
183 This is useful for requests to the functional broadcast arbitration ID
184 (`0x7df`) when you need to get responses from multiple modules. It's possible
185 to set this to `true` for non-broadcast requests, but in practice you won't
186 see any additional responses after the first and it will just take up memory
187 in the VI for longer.
189 **frequency** - (optional) Make this request a recurring request, at a this
190 frequency in Hz. To send a single non-recurring request, leave this field out.
192 **decoded_type** - (optional, defaults to "obd2" if the request is a recognized
193 OBD-II mode 1 request, otherwise "none") If specified, the valid values are
194 `"none"` and `"obd2"`. If `obd2`, the payload will be decoded according to the
195 OBD-II specification and returned in the `value` field. Set this to `none` to
196 manually override the OBD-II decoding feature for a known PID.
200 The response to a successful request:
210 and to an unsuccessful request, with the `negative_response_code` and no `pid`
217 "negative_response_code": 17}
219 **bus** - the numerical identifier of the CAN bus where this response was
222 **id** - the CAN arbitration ID for this response.
224 **mode** - the OBD-II mode of the original diagnostic request.
226 **pid** - (optional) the PID for the request, if applicable.
228 **success** - true if the response received was a positive response. If this
229 field is false, the remote node returned an error and the
230 `negative_response_code` field should be populated.
232 **negative_response_code** - (optional) If requested node returned an error,
233 `success` will be `false` and this field will contain the negative response
236 Finally, the `payload` and `value` fields are mutually exclusive:
238 **payload** - (optional) up to 7 bytes of data returned in the response,
239 represented as a hexadecimal number in a string. Many JSON parser cannot
240 handle 64-bit integers, which is why we are not using a numerical data type.
242 **value** - (optional) if the response had a payload, this may be the
243 payload interpreted as an integer.
245 The response to a simple PID request would look like this:
247 {"success": true, "bus": 1, "id": 1234, "mode": 1, "pid": 5, "payload": "0x2"}
251 In addition to the `diagnostic_request` command described earlier, there are
252 other possible values for the `command` field.
256 The `version` command triggers the VI to inject a firmware version identifier
257 response into the outgoing data stream.
261 { "command": "version"}
265 { "command_response": "version", "message": "v6.0-dev (default)"}
269 The `device_id` command triggers the VI to inject a unique device ID (e.g. the
270 MAC address of an included Bluetooth module) into into the outgoing data stream.
274 { "command": "device_id"}
278 { "command_response": "device_id", "message": "0012345678"}
280 ### Trace File Format
282 An OpenXC vehicle trace file is a plaintext file that contains JSON objects,
283 separated by newlines (which may be either `\r\n` or `\n`, depending on the
284 platform the trace file was recorded).
286 The first line may be a metadata object, although this is optional:
291 "vehicle_interface_id": "7ABF",
295 "trim": "V6 Premium",
298 "description": "highway drive to work",
299 "driver_name": "TJ Giuli",
300 "vehicle_id": "17N1039247929"
304 The following lines are OpenXC messages with a `timestamp` field added, e.g.:
306 {"timestamp": 1385133351.285525, "name": "steering_wheel_angle", "value": 45}
308 The timestamp is in [UNIX time](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time)
309 (i.e. seconds since the UNIX epoch, 00:00:00 UTC, 1/1/1970).
313 These signal names are a part of the OpenXC specification, although some
314 manufacturers may support custom message names.
316 * steering_wheel_angle
317 * numerical, -600 to +600 degrees
319 * torque_at_transmission
320 * numerical, -500 to 1500 Nm
323 * numerical, 0 to 16382 RPM
326 * numerical, 0 to 655 km/h (this will be positive even if going in reverse
327 as it's not a velocity, although you can use the gear status to figure out
330 * accelerator_pedal_position
333 * parking_brake_status
334 * boolean, (true == brake engaged)
335 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
337 * boolean (True == pedal pressed)
338 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
339 * transmission_gear_position
340 * states: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth,
341 ninth, tenth, reverse, neutral
342 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
343 * gear_lever_position
344 * states: neutral, park, reverse, drive, sport, low, first, second, third,
345 fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth
346 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
349 0 to 16777214.000 km, with about .2m resolution
352 * states: off, accessory, run, start
353 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
357 * fuel_consumed_since_restart
358 * numerical, 0 - 4294967295.0 L (this goes to 0 every time the vehicle
359 restarts, like a trip meter)
362 * Value is State: driver, passenger, rear_left, rear_right.
363 * Event is boolean: true == ajar
364 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
366 * boolean, true is on
367 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
369 * boolean, true is on
370 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
371 * windshield_wiper_status
372 * boolean, true is on
373 * 1Hz, but sent immediately on change
375 * numerical, -89.0 to 89.0 degrees with standard GPS accuracy
378 * numerical, -179.0 to 179.0 degrees with standard GPS accuracy
381 ### Signals from Diagnostics Messages
383 This set of signals is often retreived from OBD-II requests. The units can be
384 found in the [OBD-II standard](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs#Mode_01).
387 * engine_coolant_temperature
388 * barometric_pressure
389 * commanded_throttle_position
392 * intake_air_temperature
393 * intake_manifold_pressure
397 * accelerator_pedal_position
398 * ethanol_fuel_percentage
399 * engine_oil_temperature
405 Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Ford Motor Company
407 Licensed under the BSD license.
409 [OpenXC]: http://openxcplatform.com